AdventOfCode-ts-2023/3/3_1.ts

import { Inspect, LoadInput } from "../common.ts";

/* Directions */
const Directions = {
    NORTH: {
        X: 0,
        Y: -1,
    },
    SOUTH: {
        X: 0,
        Y: 1,
    },
    EAST: {
        X: 1,
        Y: 0,
    },
    WEST: {
        X: -1,
        Y: 0,
    },
    NORTH_EAST: {
        X: 1,
        Y: -1,
    },
    NORTH_WEST: {
        X: -1,
        Y: -1,
    },
    SOUTH_EAST: {
        X: 1,
        Y: 1,
    },
    SOUTH_WEST: {
        X: -1,
        Y: 1,
    },
}

const tests = [
    "467..114..",
    "...*......",
    "..35..633.",
    "......#...",
    "617*......",
    ".....+.58.",
    "..592.....",
    "......755.",
    "...$.*....",
    ".664.598..",
];

// Build the find
const testMap = BuildSchematicsMap(tests);
// Find all possible parts
let testParts = ParseSchematics(testMap);
// Validate those parts
testParts = ValidateEngineParts(testParts, testMap);

// Get out output
const sumOfPartNumbers = testParts.reduce((accumulator, part) => accumulator += part.PartNumber, 0);
console.log(`The sum of part numbers is: ${sumOfPartNumbers}`);

/**
 * Parse the schematics to find all possible Engine Parts
 * @param {string[][]} schematicsMap A 2D grid of characters making up a schematic
 * @returns {EnginePart[]} An array of potential Engine Parts
 */
function ParseSchematics(schematicsMap: string[][]): EnginePart[] {
    const engineParts: EnginePart[] = [];

    /** The current pointer within the schematics' 2D array */
    const schematicsPointer: Vector2 = {
        X: 0,
        Y: 0,
    };

    for(; schematicsPointer.Y < schematicsMap.length; schematicsPointer.Y++) {
        // Reset the X pointer each line
        schematicsPointer.X = 0;
        /** A line from the total schematics */
        const schematicsLine = schematicsMap[schematicsPointer.Y];

        // Create a reusable EnginePart store
        let part: EnginePart|null = null;

        for(; schematicsPointer.X < schematicsMap[schematicsPointer.Y].length; schematicsPointer.X++) {
            const char = schematicsMap[schematicsPointer.Y][schematicsPointer.X];

            // Check if the current character is a number
            if (/\d/.test(char)) {
                // Check if our EnginePart store is initialized
                if (part == null) { part = { PartNumber: 0, Coordinates: [] }; }

                if (part.PartNumber) {
                    // Concatenate the number to the existing part of the Part Number
                    part.PartNumber = Number("" + part.PartNumber + char);
                }
                else {
                    // Start the new Part Number
                    part.PartNumber = Number(char);
                }

                // Push the coordinates
                part.Coordinates.push({
                    X: schematicsPointer.X,
                    Y: schematicsPointer.Y,
                });
            }
            // If it's not
            else {
                // Check if the EnginePart store has a value
                if(part != null) {
                    // If it does, store it and empty it
                    engineParts.push(part);
                    part = null;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return engineParts;
}

/**
 * Validates all previously parsed Engine Parts
 *
 * An Engine Part is only valid if it's connected, even diagonally, to a
 * symbol other than `.`.
 *
 * @param {EnginePart[]} potentialParts All potential Engine Parts
 * @param {string[][]} schematicsMap A 2D grid of characters making up a schematic
 * @returns {EnginePart[]} A filtered list of all valid Engine Parts
 */
function ValidateEngineParts(potentialParts: EnginePart[], schematicsMap: string[][]): EnginePart[] {
    const validParts: EnginePart[] = [];

    for (const part of potentialParts) {
        for (const point of part.Coordinates) {
            if (BordersASymbol(point, schematicsMap)) {
                validParts.push(part);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return validParts;
}

/**
 * Check if a point on the schematics map borders a symbol
 *
 * A symbol is any character other than a digit or a period.
 *
 * @param point A point on the schematics map
 * @param schematicsMap A 2D grid of characters making up a schematic
 * @returns {boolean} Whether the point borders a symbol or not
 */
function BordersASymbol(point: Vector2, schematicsMap: string[][]): boolean {
    // Initialize all border chars as NOPs
    let northernBorder   =  ".";
    let easternBorder    =  ".";
    let southernBorder   =  ".";
    let westernBorder    =  ".";
    let northEastBorder  =  ".";
    let northWestBorder  =  ".";
    let southEastBorder  =  ".";
    let southWestBorder  =  ".";
    // Check what borders exist
    const northExists = !!schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.NORTH.Y];
    const southExists = !!schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.SOUTH.Y];
    const eastExists = !!schematicsMap[point.Y][point.X + Directions.EAST.X];
    const westExists = !!schematicsMap[point.Y][point.X + Directions.WEST.X];
    // Find the border chars
    if(northExists) {
        northernBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.NORTH.Y][point.X + Directions.NORTH.X];
        if(eastExists) {
            northEastBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.NORTH_EAST.Y][point.X + Directions.NORTH_EAST.X];
        }
        if(westExists) {
            northWestBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.NORTH_WEST.Y][point.X + Directions.NORTH_WEST.X];
        }
    }
    if(southExists) {
        southernBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.SOUTH.Y][point.X + Directions.SOUTH.X];
        if(eastExists) {
            southEastBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.SOUTH_EAST.Y][point.X + Directions.SOUTH_EAST.X];
        }
        if(westExists) {
            southWestBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.SOUTH_WEST.Y][point.X + Directions.SOUTH_WEST.X];
        }
    }
    if (eastExists) {
        easternBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.EAST.Y][point.X + Directions.EAST.X];
    }
    if (westExists) {
        westernBorder = schematicsMap[point.Y + Directions.WEST.Y][point.X + Directions.WEST.X];
    }
    // Combine all bordering characters into one long string
    const allBorders = northernBorder + easternBorder + southernBorder + westernBorder + northEastBorder + northWestBorder + southEastBorder + southWestBorder;

    return /[^0-9\.]/.test(allBorders);
}

/**
 * Split the schematics into a 2D grid of characters
 *
 * @param {string[]} schematics The array of lines from the schematics
 * @returns {string[][]} A 2D grid of characters
 */
function BuildSchematicsMap(schematics: string[]): string[][] {
    return schematics.map((schematicsLine) => schematicsLine.split(''));
}

/**
 * An engine part
 */
type EnginePart = {
    PartNumber: number,
    Coordinates: Vector2[],
};

/**
 * A symbol on the schematics map
 */
type SchematicsSymbol = {
    Symbol: string,
    Coordinates: Vector2,
};

/**
 * A position within a 2D grid
 */
type Vector2 = {
    X: number,
    Y: number,
};